What rights extend above the surface of land without limitation?

The correct answer is grounded in the concept of property rights, specifically regarding air rights. These rights pertain to the space above the land and allow the property owner to control and utilize that space without limitation, as long as they do not interfere with any applicable laws or regulations. For example, property owners can build structures, such as tall buildings or antennae, extending above the ground, provided they comply with zoning laws and height restrictions, highlighting the autonomy that air rights provide.

In contrast, other rights like subsurface rights pertain to what lies beneath the land, such as minerals or oil, and surface rights refer to the land and any structures on it. Improvement rights generally relate to the ability to enhance or make changes to existing structures on the land's surface. These rights are more restrictive compared to air rights, which allow full ownership and use of the area above the property, underscoring the concept of unlimited extension above the surface. Thus, air rights are distinct in providing broad and often unencumbered use of aerial space.